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1492 terms

Glossary

Every term is defined twice: once the way a filing would put it, and once the way somebody would explain it to you across a table. The second one is usually the one that sticks.

Showing 26 terms

EPS

Accounting

Earnings per share — net profit divided by shares outstanding.

In plain terms

Can rise from buybacks alone. Always check net profit rose too.

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Employees Pension Scheme

Market basics
Also called: EPS-95

The pension component of the provident fund deduction, with its own service count and its own minimum years for a monthly pension.

In plain terms

Taking the withdrawal benefit at each job change resets the count. Five changes in thirty years can end with no pension entitlement at all.

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Diluted EPS

Accounting

Earnings per share calculated as if every outstanding option, warrant and convertible had already been exercised.

In plain terms

The version to use, because headlines quote the other one. A wide gap to basic EPS means a large claim on your ownership exists and has simply not been triggered yet.

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Cognitive load

Risk & psychology

The mental demand a decision places on someone under pressure and time constraint, under which trained experts reliably skip steps.

In plain terms

The reason checklists exist. What gets missed is never the thing you did not know — it is the thing you know perfectly well and are too excited to check.

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Delivery margin

Derivatives

Additional margin collected in steps over the final four sessions of a series, on positions likely to result in physical settlement.

In plain terms

The mechanism behind the expiry-week calendar. Positions are unwound because holding them got expensive on a fixed schedule, not because anyone changed their mind about the company — which is why so many of those moves reverse in the new series.

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Divergence risk

Technical analysis

In a pairs trade, the risk that the spread keeps widening because the relationship between the two legs has genuinely changed.

In plain terms

The failure mode that erases many winners: you lose on both legs at once, and the short leg's loss is theoretically unbounded.

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Dynamic price band

Trading & orders
Also called: Operating range

A flexible range around a reference price, outside which orders are rejected, widened by the exchange in steps after a cooling-off period.

In plain terms

Applied where no fixed daily band exists. A fast move can pause at the edge — the market did not run out of buyers, it ran out of permission.

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Loan restructuring

Regulation & tax

Changing the terms of an existing loan — extending the tenure, stepping the instalment down, or allowing a defined period of reduced payment — so that the account keeps performing.

In plain terms

It costs more interest over the life of the loan and preserves the word "closed" at the end of it. Far easier to arrange while the account is still standard.

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Minimum amount due

Market basics

The smallest payment that keeps a credit card account current.

In plain terms

The most misleading number on an Indian statement. Paying it starts interest on the whole balance and ends the grace period on new spending.

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Barriers to exit

Fundamental analysis
Also called: Exit barriers

The costs and obligations that keep a participant producing even when it is unprofitable — single-purpose assets, high fixed costs, workforce and contractual obligations, and lenders who prefer a running asset to a distressed sale.

In plain terms

Everybody studies barriers to entry. Barriers to exit decide how deep a downturn gets and how many years it lasts, because loss-making capacity keeps running while it covers its cash costs.

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Candle close

Technical analysis
Also called: Closed candle, Candle completion

The final price of the period a candle represents, and the only value on a live candle that is not still provisional.

In plain terms

The open is fixed and the extremes only widen, but the close keeps moving — so the body can flip colour and a wick can vanish entirely before the bell. Every candlestick pattern is defined on closed candles.

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Capitalised borrowing cost

Accounting
Also called: Interest capitalisation

Interest directly attributable to acquiring or constructing an asset that takes a substantial period to get ready, added to the cost of that asset instead of charged against profit.

In plain terms

The money still leaves the bank; it simply does not appear in the finance cost line. When the asset is ready capitalisation stops, the finance cost steps up with no new borrowing, and the amount already capitalised returns as depreciation rather than interest.

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Cohort analysis

Fundamental analysis

Tracking customers grouped by when they were acquired, to see whether each group spends more or less as it ages.

In plain terms

The most informative disclosure a loss-making platform makes. Total user growth can hide complete failure underneath, because fresh acquisition keeps replacing churn.

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Disclosed quantity

Trading & orders

An exchange-level order attribute that shows only part of an order’s size in the book, releasing the next slice automatically as each one fills.

In plain terms

Why a level keeps refilling with the same quantity. Each refreshed slice joins the back of the queue, so concealment is paid for in priority.

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Goal setting

Risk & psychology

Attaching a specific amount and date to what money is for.

In plain terms

“As much as possible” is the absence of a goal, and it guarantees the target keeps moving.

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Nidhi company

Market basics

A mutual-benefit company under corporate law that may lend to, and take deposits from, its own members only.

In plain terms

Members-only is not a formality — it is exactly what keeps the entity outside banking supervision. No banking licence, no prudential inspection, no deposit insurance.

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NSE International Exchange

Market basics
Also called: NSE IX

NSE’s exchange at GIFT City in Gandhinagar, operating inside an International Financial Services Centre and regulated by the IFSCA rather than by SEBI.

In plain terms

Offshore for regulatory purposes while sitting in Gujarat, which is how a dollar-denominated contract on India’s benchmark index can trade around the clock when the domestic market cannot. It keeps its own holiday calendar, so it sometimes trades when the Nifty does not.

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Ratchet

Technical analysis

A stop that only ever moves in the direction that reduces risk, never back.

In plain terms

Loosening a stop because a position is going against you is not risk management with extra steps — it is the end of risk management.

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Relative strength

Technical analysis

A stock’s performance measured against a benchmark index rather than in absolute terms.

In plain terms

Keeps working in a falling market, where the winner is simply whatever falls least.

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Renko

Technical analysis

A chart type that draws a new brick only when price moves a fixed amount, discarding the time axis entirely.

In plain terms

The brick size is the whole chart. A ₹5 brick and a ₹20 brick on the same stock produce opposite signals, and adjusting it until the chart agrees with you is curve-fitting with extra steps.

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Scaling out

Technical analysis

Selling a position in pieces as successive targets are reached, rather than exiting all at once.

In plain terms

Booking something at 2R satisfies the part of you that wants certainty; trailing the rest keeps you in the occasional trade that pays for a quarter. Neither impulse gets to override the plan.

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Special situation

Fundamental analysis

A corporate event — demerger, buyback tender, delisting offer, rights issue or index change — that creates a mechanical mispricing independent of business quality.

In plain terms

The terms are published, the timeline is fixed and the outcome is largely arithmetic. They persist because they are boring, small and time-limited, which keeps large funds away.

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Systematic Withdrawal Plan

Market basics
Also called: SWP

Redeeming a fixed amount from a fund at regular intervals to create an income.

In plain terms

The alternative to an annuity: keeps the capital, keeps growth, keeps flexibility — and exposes you to the order in which returns arrive.

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Threshold thinking

Risk & psychology

Waiting for a level at which an action becomes worthwhile.

In plain terms

The level keeps moving, because expenses rise to meet income. Someone who could not spare ₹1,000 at ₹40,000 often cannot spare ₹10,000 at ₹1.5 lakh.

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Trade payables ageing schedule

Accounting

The Schedule III note splitting trade payables by period outstanding from the due date, and separately between micro and small enterprise creditors and others, with disputed dues shown apart.

In plain terms

The disclosure that turns one balance into a story. Bargaining power keeps almost everything inside a year; a filling one-to-two-year bucket suggests the terms were taken rather than agreed.

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Winsorising

Technical analysis

Replacing an extreme value in a series with the most extreme value you are prepared to accept, rather than deleting the observation.

In plain terms

Cap the bad print instead of dropping the bar. The row stays, so every rolling window keeps its length and every date still lines up.

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Indian stock market glossary · Market Vidyalaya