Standard deviation
Technical analysisA statistical measure of how widely a series is dispersed around its own average; Bollinger Bands sit two of them either side of a 20-day mean.
In plain terms
It is recomputed every session, which is why the bands widen when a stock turns volatile and contract when it goes quiet. Touching a band means statistically unusual, never expensive.
Read the full lesson →Bollinger Bands
Technical analysisA moving average with bands placed a set number of standard deviations above and below.
In plain terms
They define what is statistically normal for this stock — not what is expensive.
Read the full lesson →Keltner channel
Technical analysisA volatility band drawn a set number of ATRs above and below an exponential moving average — similar to Bollinger Bands but using ATR rather than standard deviation to set the width.
In plain terms
Bands around a moving average, sized by ATR. A steadier cousin of Bollinger Bands.
Read the full lesson →Fat tails
Technical analysisAlso called: Fat-tailed distribution
A distribution of returns in which very large moves occur far more often than a normal distribution predicts.
In plain terms
The main cause is duller than the name suggests: volatility changes, and pooling a calm stretch with a violent one into a single standard deviation produces both more tiny days and more enormous days than any single bell curve allows.
Read the full lesson →Overextension
Technical analysisA quantified measure of how far price has moved from its own recent average.
In plain terms
Two standard deviations below a 20-day mean is overextension. "It has fallen a lot" is not.
Read the full lesson →