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Four numbers per candle, and how the shape they make tells you who won the session and by how much.

How to answer that for yourself with a notebook and forty occurrences, instead of trusting a table that says a morning star is 78% reliable.

Line, bar and candlestick charts; linear versus logarithmic scale; and why picking the wrong timeframe is the most common beginner error.

Hammer, shooting star, doji and marubozu — what each one records about a session, and where each one actually matters.

Engulfing, harami, piercing line, morning and evening stars — the patterns that describe a genuine change of control.

Three white soldiers, three black crows and the rising and falling three methods — the shapes that describe a trend pausing rather than turning.

At 11 a.m. the daily candle is a hammer, by 1 p.m. it is a marubozu and at the bell it is a doji. Nothing is a pattern until the period ends.