Glossary

Most problems are disclosed long before they are priced. The constraint is reading, not access.

A move from a full Q&A to a curated one is itself a signal, usually before the news that caused it.

The rule that creates the announcements feed. It is why a resignation, an order or a board decision reaches a free public page before it reaches the news.

The most useful part of the filing, because it is standardised and therefore comparable across years and across companies. A rising unresolved complaint count is a signal in itself.

Read the auditor’s report and cash flow first, the chairman’s letter last.

Almost nobody reads it, and parts of it are ordinary business facts: attrition, safety incidents and regulatory penalties, filed under an ESG heading.

The one place a company sets out, in its own words, what the next twelve months demand in cash. Because it is undiscounted it will not tie to the balance sheet, and that is the design rather than an error.

Not only senior management — finance, legal, secretarial, investor relations and immediate relatives are routinely covered. Plenty of people discover they were designated when a routine transaction triggers a compliance query.

Where material events appear first, without a headline written to make you click.

It binds the lender, not the collector at your door — which is exactly why it is useful. Every breach by an agent is a breach by the entity that sent them.

The test is simple: does the section contain numbers you can compare to last year and to competitors? Prose and photographs are positioning, not disclosure.

Read it as an evacuation plan rather than a weather forecast. It does not say a fire is coming; it says how long the building takes to empty, which is a fact about the building and was measurable the whole time.

The statements are the brochure; the notes are the terms. Every serious question is answered there.

Registration means holdings and conflicts must be disclosed, and there is somewhere to complain.

Consolidated numbers average a great business with a poor one. This note separates them.

The most informative disclosure a loss-making platform makes. Total user growth can hide complete failure underneath, because fresh acquisition keeps replacing churn.

Indian rules require disclosure above 10% of revenue. It caps margins as well as threatening revenue.

The word SEBI uses in the disclosure. Pledges are the common case; the category is broader.

Read it as operational and governance disclosure that happens to sit under this heading. Whether you value sustainability is a separate question from whether attrition and penalties tell you something.

Legitimate and disproportionately valuable where disclosure is thin. Not the same as an inside tip.

Every tedious disclosure rule exists because somebody once lost their savings to its absence.

The disclosure that turns one balance into a story. Bargaining power keeps almost everything inside a year; a filling one-to-two-year bucket suggests the terms were taken rather than agreed.