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Glossary
1678 terms

Glossary

Every term is defined twice: once the way a filing would put it, and once the way somebody would explain it to you across a table. The second one is usually the one that sticks.

Showing 17 terms

Chikou span

Technical analysis
Also called: Lagging span

The Ichimoku lagging line: today’s close plotted twenty-six bars into the past.

In plain terms

Carries no forward information at all. It only tells you whether price is above where it was twenty-six bars ago.

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Flag

Technical analysis

A short, tight, low-volume drift against a sharp preceding move, which then resolves in the original direction.

In plain terms

The drying volume is what makes it a flag: profit-taking is being absorbed without difficulty. Past about three weeks it has become a distribution range instead.

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Autocorrelation

Technical analysis
Also called: Serial correlation

The correlation of a series with itself at a lag — whether today’s move says anything about tomorrow’s.

In plain terms

Positive means moves tend to continue, which is what a breakout system needs. Negative means they tend to reverse, which is what a pull-back system needs. Around zero means neither system has anything to work with.

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Beneish M-score

Accounting
Also called: M-score

A model that combines eight ratios to flag the statistical pattern of earnings manipulation.

In plain terms

Above −1.78 is the warning side — less negative is worse. A smoke detector that tells you where to read, not a verdict.

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Blended cement

Fundamental analysis
Also called: PPC, PSC

Cement mixed with fly ash or slag, needing less clinker per tonne.

In plain terms

Cheaper to make and lower in emissions; a higher share of blended cement lowers a company’s cost per tonne.

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Commodity cycle

Market basics

The long boom-and-bust pattern in commodity prices driven by capacity lagging demand.

In plain terms

High prices invite new supply, which arrives late and crushes prices. Then nobody invests, and it repeats.

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Gestation period

Fundamental analysis

The lag between capital being spent and the resulting revenue arriving.

In plain terms

The stretch where reported numbers look worst and screens mark the company down.

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Raw material pass-through

Fundamental analysis
Also called: Pass-through

Passing changes in input costs on to customers through the selling price, often with a lag.

In plain terms

The lag is why margins dip when feedstock rises and briefly widen when it falls.

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Collections

Fundamental analysis

Cash actually received by a developer from buyers.

In plain terms

Sales that do not collect are not sales. A sustained lag means construction has stalled.

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Defensive

Fundamental analysis

A business whose demand holds up regardless of the economy.

In plain terms

FMCG, pharma, utilities. Steadier earnings, higher multiples, lags in recoveries.

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Operating cash flow

Accounting

Cash generated by the core business, after working-capital movements.

In plain terms

Compare five years of this against five years of net profit. Divergence is the red flag.

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Promoter salary

Fundamental analysis

Remuneration paid to the controlling family in executive roles.

In plain terms

Rising promoter pay with no dividend and flat profit is the clearest red flag in the note.

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Quality factor

Technical analysis

A tilt towards high return on capital, low debt and stable earnings.

In plain terms

Works well through most conditions and lags badly in sharp recoveries from a bottom.

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Regulated return on equity

Fundamental analysis

The return on equity a regulator permits an asset to earn, built into the allowed revenue alongside approved capital cost, depreciation, operations and maintenance and interest.

In plain terms

The commission sets a return rather than a price, so the analysis moves to the allowance and the disallowances. Regulatory lag is where the margin actually goes: between an input cost rising and a tariff order recognising it, the company funds the gap itself.

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Sector rotation

Technical analysis

The tendency of money to move between sectors as the economic cycle and rates change.

In plain terms

A sector moving from laggard to leader is more useful than one that has already led for a year.

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SME platform

Market basics

The separate exchange segments for small and medium enterprises, with lighter vetting, far higher minimum lot sizes and much thinner post-listing liquidity than the main board.

In plain terms

SEBI has repeatedly flagged inflated subscription figures, circular funding of applications and post-listing manipulation here. Good companies do list; the base rate is not favourable.

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Value factor

Technical analysis

A tilt towards stocks cheap relative to earnings, book value or cash flow.

In plain terms

Lagged for most of the 2010s, which is exactly the kind of stretch that makes people abandon a factor before it works.

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Indian stock market glossary · Market Vidyalaya