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Market Basics

Knowing what you actually own

Consolidated statements, holding statements and the annual review that catches the account you forgot, the fund you were switched into, and the return you never measured.

Market BasicsBeginner11 min read
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Most people cannot answer three basic questions about their own money: what do I own, what is my actual return, and how much of it is in equity? Not because the information is hidden — because nobody ever pulls it together in one place.

Think of it like this
Almirah mein bikhri hui files

Documents in three cupboards, a bank locker and a drawer. Nothing is lost, exactly — but nobody can tell you what is there without a full afternoon of searching, and something always turns out to be missing.

In the market

Two demat accounts, four fund houses, an old EPF, a policy from 2016. Every piece exists. The problem is that no single view of it has ever been assembled.

The three statements that already exist

StatementWhat it coversWhere it comes from
CAS (Consolidated Account Statement)Mutual funds and demat holdings across providersNSDL/CDSL, emailed monthly or on request
Demat holding statementEvery share in that demat accountYour depository participant or broker
Fund house statementAll folios with one AMC, including old onesThe AMC or the registrar (CAMS/KFintech)

Measuring the return honestly

The number your app shows is usually absolute return, which flatters a portfolio built with a SIP. Money that went in last month is treated the same as money invested five years ago.

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The correct measure when money went in at different times. Compare it with the simple return your app displays — the gap is often several percentage points.

The annual reconciliation

One afternoon, once a year
  1. 1
    Pull the CAS and every holding statement

    Start from the statements rather than from memory. Memory omits exactly the things worth finding.

  2. 2
    List everything on one page

    Instrument, where it is held, approximate value, nominee registered. One page, not a spreadsheet you will never open again.

  3. 3
    Compute your real allocation

    Count EPF, PPF and debt funds as debt. Most people discover they are far more conservative than they believed.

  4. 4
    Check the plan and the nominee

    Any folio still in a Regular plan, and any account without a nomination. Both are fixed in minutes and both are expensive to leave.

Check yourself

Your app shows a 45% return on a five-year SIP. Why is that not comparable to an index return of 13% a year?

Simple bhasha mein
Teen almirah mein bikhri files

Do demat, chaar fund house, ek purani policy, aur pichli naukri ka EPF. Kuch kho nahi gaya — bas kabhi ek jagah likha hi nahi gaya. CAS ek hi statement mein sab dikha deta hai, aur aksar aisa folio nikalta hai jo aap bhool hi chuke the. Saal mein ek din, bas.

What to remember
  • The CAS consolidates funds and demat holdings across providers, and most people have never opened it.
  • Use XIRR for your own return and a total-return index for the benchmark.
  • Count EPF, PPF and debt funds when computing your real allocation.
  • The review reliably catches Regular-plan folios and untransferred EPF.
  • Attach it to something you already do annually so it actually happens.
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Common questions

Short, direct answers to what people ask about this topic.

how do i get a single statement of all my mutual funds and shares
A Consolidated Account Statement, or CAS, is a single statement that pulls your mutual fund folios and your demat holdings together across providers, issued by the depositories NSDL and CDSL and by the registrars CAMS and KFintech. It exists so an investor does not have to assemble their own holdings from four different apps and two brokers. It is the document that most reliably surfaces folios people had entirely forgotten about.
the return measure that accounts for money invested at different times is called
XIRR — the extended internal rate of return. It takes every cash flow with its own date and solves for the single annualised rate that reconciles them, which is what makes it the correct measure for a SIP where instalments went in month after month. Absolute return, the figure most apps show first, treats last month’s instalment identically to one made five years ago.
why is my portfolio return different from the index return
Usually because the two are different quantities rather than because either is wrong. Apps typically display absolute return — total gain over total invested — while an index is quoted annualised, so a 45% absolute return on a five-year SIP is not comparable to 13% a year. Compare your XIRR against a total-return index, which includes dividends, or the comparison carries no meaning.
how do I find mutual fund folios I have forgotten about
Start with the CAS, which lists folios across fund houses in one place, then request a statement from each AMC or from the registrars CAMS and KFintech, who between them service most Indian fund houses. Old SIPs, units bought a decade ago and folios opened through a bank all turn up this way. The same exercise routinely uncovers EPF from a previous employer that was never transferred.
what should I check in an annual portfolio review
Work from the statements rather than from memory: list every holding on one page, then compute your real asset allocation counting EPF, PPF and debt funds on the debt side, which is where most people discover they are more conservative than they believed. Finish with two administrative checks — any folio still sitting in a Regular rather than Direct plan, and any account without a nominee registered. Both take minutes to fix and both are expensive to leave alone.