Every term is defined twice: once the way a filing would put it, and once the way somebody would explain it to you across a table. The second one is usually the one that sticks.
Showing 66 terms
The Annual Information Statement on the income tax portal, listing the transactions the department already holds on record — share sales reported by your broker, dividends and interest received.
Read it before you file rather than after. A mismatch is the commonest trigger for a notice, and it is almost always clerical: an account you forgot about, or a corporate action recorded differently.
An event a listed company must disclose to the exchanges — either deemed material by the regulations, or material on applying the quantitative thresholds in its own published policy.
Two kinds. Some events are material by definition and the company has no say. Others are tested against a threshold the company must publish, so you can read where it drew its line.
Non-public information that would affect a security’s price if known.
Trading while in possession of it is an offence regardless of how you obtained it.
The record a credit information company holds of your borrowing, carrying a month-by-month payment status for each account and retained for a period the regulations cap.
Every entry is reported by the lender, not by you — so correcting one means getting the lender to report something different, not arguing with the bureau.
Some participants knowing more than others.
On a news day thousands are reading the same headline and almost nobody has read the filing.
Financial statements in an offer document recast onto a single consistent accounting basis across the periods presented, and reported on by the auditors.
Built for comparability rather than for the original year’s reporting. It lets you set a rival’s margins and working capital beside a listed company on a like basis.
Sustained buying by informed participants, usually visible as heavy volume without much price progress.
Big money buying quietly, because buying loudly would move the price against them.
Delaying a decision indefinitely by continuing to gather information.
Research feels productive and carries no risk of being wrong, which is exactly what makes it such an effective way of not starting.
The decision of an arbitral tribunal, enforceable as a decree once the grounds for challenging it are exhausted.
A change in probability, not a receipt. It can be challenged in court, a public-sector counterparty frequently will, and the money can be years behind the announcement.
One of India’s credit information bureaus, whose score is widely quoted.
You are entitled to a free report each year. Check the report, not just the number — errors are common.
Wyckoff's device of reading all large, informed buying and selling in a stock as though it were the work of one deliberate operator.
A useful fiction, because the constraint underneath it is real: size cannot be accumulated quickly, so it has to happen slowly and leaves a signature.
Seeking and favouring information that supports an existing belief.
Stock-tip groups are confirmation machines — everyone in them already owns it.
The process for correcting a wrong entry in a credit information report, under which the lender is asked to verify and the regulator has set periods for resolution.
It fixes a wrong entry, not a correct entry you dislike. The bureau reports what the lender supplies, so a real dispute is won against the lender.
The number of days an instalment or amount has remained unpaid, counted from the due date the lender fixed and reported month by month to the credit information companies.
The count runs from the due date, not from the day anybody telephoned you, and it does not reset because later instalments are being paid.
The forum that hears challenges to enforcement measures taken under the security enforcement law, and lenders' own recovery proceedings above a threshold. Civil courts are barred from these matters.
The first application there matters far more than the appeal, because an appeal beyond it requires depositing a large part of the claimed debt before it will be heard.
The first step in enforcing a security interest — a notice calling on the borrower to discharge the full liability within sixty days, after which the lender may take possession.
It demands the entire recalled debt, not the instalments that were missed. Clearing the arrear is worth doing and does not by itself answer the notice.
Information a company is required to publish about its position and transactions.
Most problems are disclosed long before they are priced. The constraint is reading, not access.
Information that contradicts an existing belief or thesis.
A falling price is not disconfirming evidence. Deteriorating fundamentals are.
The claim that prices already reflect available information, so no repeatable pattern in past prices can be exploited.
The strongest objection to technical analysis, and it holds in part: simple published systems do decay once everyone can see them. What does not get arbitraged away is the discipline to follow a rule consistently.
The standards governing conduct beyond what is explicitly enforced.
A workable test: if acting on it requires the other side not to know what you know, do not act.
The link between a decision and information about whether it was correct.
Markets give delayed, noisy feedback, which is why experience alone teaches slowly and often wrongly.
The change in a decision produced by how the same fact is worded, with no change to the underlying information.
Ninety per cent fat free and contains ten per cent fat are the same packet. It works on people who know it is happening, which is why the defence is a written neutral restatement rather than awareness.
Trading on unpublished price-sensitive information, prohibited under SEBI regulations.
Illegal, prosecuted, and the reason companies impose trading windows on their own staff.
The order in which prices were reached inside a bar — information the bar’s four numbers do not carry.
A candle records how far the session reached each way and throws away when. Any rule with a stop and a target depends on the order, and a backtest has to assume one.
The period within which a claim must be brought — three years for an ordinary money claim, and considerably longer for enforcement against mortgaged property.
It bars the remedy, not the debt: the demand and the credit record both survive it. An acknowledgement in writing, or on the statute's terms a part payment, can start it running again — but only where it is made before the period has already expired.
Using information in a backtest that was not actually available at that point in time.
Trading on a quarterly result weeks before it was filed. Makes any strategy look brilliant.
Using information in a backtest that was not available at the time the decision would have been made.
Buying at today’s close because of a signal that only existed once today finished. It roughly doubles backtested returns and is invisible unless you check.
Information gathered first-hand from customers, dealers, employees and competitors rather than from filings or another analyst's report.
It genuinely leads the reported numbers, and it is a sample you chose yourself. The line it must not cross is unpublished price-sensitive information, which binds the recipient as well as the source.
Moving prior-year amounts between line items so that they conform to the current year’s presentation, without changing profit after tax.
The one-line note at the foot of the statements that looks like housekeeping. It leaves the bottom line alone and moves any subtotal drawn between the two lines the amount travelled between.
The law allowing banks and notified financial institutions to enforce a security interest — taking possession of and selling a charged asset — without going to court, once the account is non-performing.
No judge, no hearing, and a sequence of notices instead. Each notice is a deadline for the borrower and a requirement on the lender, and a step done badly is the ground on which the whole exercise is set aside.
The lock-in on shares allotted to anchor investors in a public issue, released in two tranches — 50% at 30 days from allotment and the remainder at 90 days.
Split in two deliberately, so the entire anchor book could not become saleable on a single day. Both dates are arithmetic from the allotment date, which makes this the least private information in the market.
An audit firm stepping down mid-term rather than at scheduled rotation.
More informative than anything they might have written. Firms leave when the risk exceeds the fee.
The difference between the futures price and the spot price of the same underlying.
The reason a headline of “GIFT Nifty up 110 points” can describe a flat open. Before treating the gap between two prices as information, check they are the same instrument — the carry alone can be a hundred index points.
An entry order with a stop-loss and target attached.
Enforces intraday discipline at the cost of flexibility; squared off automatically.
The Ichimoku lagging line: today’s close plotted twenty-six bars into the past.
Carries no forward information at all. It only tells you whether price is above where it was twenty-six bars ago.
Tracking customers grouped by when they were acquired, to see whether each group spends more or less as it ages.
The most informative disclosure a loss-making platform makes. Total user growth can hide complete failure underneath, because fresh acquisition keeps replacing churn.
The entity appointed to act for the holders of listed debentures, to whom periodic filings on security cover and covenant compliance are made.
Debenture holders never negotiate individually; the trustee holds the security and enforces the terms. Its filings with the exchange say things about a borrower that the annual report does not.
Charles Dow's framework: price discounts everything, prices move in trends, and a trend runs through accumulation, participation and distribution phases.
A century old and still the skeleton under everything in the field, because it describes how information and money propagate through a market — and that has not changed.
The tendency for prices to continue moving in the direction of an earnings surprise for some time afterwards.
How a stock trades in the session after results is often more informative than the numbers themselves.
An opinion from an independent merchant banker on whether the exchange ratio or the consideration under a scheme is fair to shareholders, required alongside the valuation report where a listed company is involved.
Read it for what it does not cover. It speaks to the ratio, not to whether the transaction is a good idea, and the qualifications in its language usually carry more information than its conclusion.
The organiser of a chit, who runs the monthly auction, collects instalments, pays out the prize and takes a commission from the discount.
In a registered chit the foreman lodges a security deposit and the commission is capped. In an informal committee the same role carries the same money and none of the safeguards.
A group converging on a position that no individual member privately holds, because each doubter assumes they are the only one and stays quiet.
It is a failure of information flow, not of intelligence. The tell is not loud agreement — it is that nobody has named a specific way the thing could fail.
The value of an exchange-traded fund’s underlying basket, computed and disseminated at short intervals during the session, as distinct from the price its units are changing hands at.
An ETF has two prices at once and your chart draws only the traded one. Comparing the two is the fastest way to tell whether a wick was information or a dislocation.
The condition in which several indicators appear to confirm one another while being different arrangements of the same underlying price data.
RSI, Stochastic, Williams %R, CCI and the MACD histogram all agreeing is one opinion reported five times. New information has to come from a different input — volume, breadth, relative strength.
The list of pending buy and sell orders at each price level, usually shown five deep.
The most informative panel on your broking screen and the one nobody looks at.
Management Discussion and Analysis — the statutory narrative section of an annual report in which management explains the year's performance.
Read it for what it avoids. If margins fell and the section discusses industry tailwinds without ever naming margins, the omission is the information.
A strategy that buys weakness and sells strength, expecting price to return towards an average.
The rubber band. Wins often, loses large, and works only where the fall was movement rather than information.
Non-Convertible Debenture — a tradeable corporate bond sold to the public.
Best case a few percent extra; worst case the principal. The rating is the most informative line.
A loan account on which an amount has remained overdue beyond the prescribed period — ninety days for most loans — requiring the lender to make a provision against it out of its own profits.
The line past which a lender's posture changes from collection to enforcement. It is also the gate to the statutory power to sell a mortgaged asset.
An initial price move larger than the news itself justifies.
Stop cascades add selling unrelated to the news, which is why the first print is not information.
An IPO receiving applications for more shares than are on offer, reported as a multiple of the issue size.
Read it by category, never by the headline. QIB demand is the informative number, and a large multiple on a small issue is easy to generate while saying almost nothing about the business.
The exchange matching rule: the better price executes first, and among equal prices the order that queued earliest executes first.
It disposes of the belief that the exchange favours large players — the matching engine cannot see who you are. What size actually buys is speed and information, within the same rules.
An agency’s view on the likely direction of a rating over the medium term.
Often more informative than the letters. A negative outlook typically precedes a downgrade by months.
Judging the quality of a decision by how it turned out rather than by the reasoning available when it was made.
The dangerous box is not the sound decision that lost — it is the rule violation that paid, because indiscipline has just been reinforced with money.
An individual investing their own money, as distinct from institutional, proprietary and promoter participants.
Small individually and very large collectively. The genuine edge is a long horizon, no redemption pressure and the freedom to hold cash — never speed or information.
The number of individual small shareholders on a company's register, disclosed each quarter in the shareholding pattern.
Rising sharply while institutions reduce is the shape of informed money selling to newcomers.
Return on assets — net profit as a percentage of total assets.
Unlike ROE it cannot be lifted by swapping equity for debt, because the borrowed money still sits in the asset base. Most informative for banks and lenders, where the assets are the business.
The spread of outcomes you would see from repeated draws of the same underlying process.
Thirty trades is thirty trades of information, however many times you reshuffle them. A small sample presented a thousand ways is still a small sample.
Hours spent watching live prices and market media.
It provides no information a weekly review misses and manufactures the urge to act.
An income-tax provision requiring loans, deposits and advances above a prescribed amount to be taken otherwise than in cash; Section 269T applies the same restriction to repayment.
It catches ordinary family arrangements. An informal loan settled in cash exposes both sides to a penalty equal to the amount, which is an expensive way to do somebody a favour.
A lender holding a charge over an identified asset, with a claim on that asset ahead of unsecured creditors.
Whether your lender is one decides how a default unfolds. A home loan lender has a statutory route to the flat; an app that lent you ₹40,000 has a slow civil one to nothing in particular.
Averaging price data to suppress short-term noise, as Heikin-Ashi does by blending each bar with the one before it.
It buys clarity by discarding information, and it flatters backtests badly — because the whipsaws it removed are exactly the ones that would have stopped you out live.
Motor cover for death, injury or property damage caused to somebody else — compulsory by statute for every vehicle on a public road.
For death and injury there is no ceiling: the award is computed from the deceased’s earnings, prospects, dependants and age, and has nothing to do with the value of your car. Lapse it and that award is enforced against you.
The period in which designated persons of a listed company may transact in its securities; it is closed from the end of each quarter until 48 hours after the results for that quarter are declared.
Four blocked stretches a year, roughly a third of it, before any unscheduled closure. It shuts on you regardless of what you actually know, because a rule that turned on individual knowledge could never be enforced.
The measured variance of an n-period move divided by n times the variance of a one-period move.
A direct test of the square-root-of-time assumption. Above one and moves have been reinforcing each other; below one and they have been cancelling out; at one the series behaves like a random walk over that horizon.
The shape traded volume makes across a session — heavy at the open, thin through the middle of the day, heavy again into the close.
Both ends hold most of the day's information and most of its danger. The first fifteen minutes are the most expensive; the close has the deepest liquidity.